Japan or South Korea?

Far cheaper than its reputation, with government scholarships that cover everything — and a job market that does not open without the language.

A full government scholarship that pays for a language year, tuition and living costs — aimed squarely at students from countries like ours.

National universities charge international students exactly what they charge Japanese students, and the MEXT government scholarship removes even that while adding travel and a monthly allowance.

The Global Korea Scholarship covers a Korean-language year, full tuition, a monthly stipend, flights and insurance. Complete funding of this kind, open to Central Asian applicants, is close to unique.

• National university fees are set nationally and are identical for international students — there is no separate international price at all.
• The government scholarship covers tuition, flights and a monthly allowance, and it takes undergraduates as well as researchers.
• Research groups in materials, robotics, electronics and the basic sciences are world-class and take students seriously.
• It is safe, orderly and superbly connected, and student life is manageable without a car or a large budget.
• An ageing population means the country now actively wants skilled foreign graduates, which was not true a decade ago.

• GKS is a genuinely complete package, including the language year that makes the rest possible.
• Electronics, automotive, battery and shipbuilding R&D at world scale, with universities plugged into it.
• Games, animation and entertainment industries that export globally and hire from local schools.
• Fast, cheap public transport, near-universal connectivity, and low street crime.
• Living costs outside central Seoul are moderate by developed-country standards.

• Business-level Japanese is the real entry requirement for work, and English-track degrees postpone that problem rather than solving it.
• Graduate hiring runs on a rigid annual calendar that begins more than a year before graduation; missing it means waiting a year.
• Workplace culture expects long hours and deference, and international graduates leave over that more often than over the work itself.
• Undergraduate entrance examinations at national universities are demanding and conducted in Japanese.
• Being foreign stays visible in a way it does not in Canada or the Netherlands, socially and especially in housing.
• Moving in is expensive — deposits, key money and guarantor requirements front-load the cost of the first year.

• Korean is required for most degrees and nearly all jobs; the language year is necessary, not decorative.
• Working hours and hierarchy in Korean companies are demanding, and foreign employees feel it.
• Hiring is heavily seasonal and credential-bound, and social integration is slow for foreigners.
• Academic pressure is extreme and starts long before university — you are entering an environment built on it.
• Long-term residence routes exist but are narrower than Canada's or Germany's.

Cheaper than almost anyone expects: national university fees are identical for international and domestic students, private universities cost more but not Western amounts, and the government scholarship removes fees entirely while paying an allowance. The genuine costs are the move-in expenses and Tokyo rent — Osaka and Kyoto are materially cheaper for the same quality of teaching.

With GKS, essentially covered. Without it, tuition is moderate and universities offer partial scholarships, but living in Seoul is not cheap.

For undergraduate places, an examination for international students plus the university's own test and often an interview, largely in Japanese. For research and scholarship routes, a supervisor's acceptance matters more than anything else — you find the laboratory first and apply through it.

Grades, language proficiency (TOPIK for Korean-taught programmes, English tests otherwise) and, for GKS, a competitive national selection through the Korean embassy — apply through the embassy track, and start a year early.

A designated-activities status lets graduates stay to look for work, and routes for skilled graduates have widened as the workforce shrinks. It is one of the more predictable systems here — provided you have the language, which is the condition attached to everything in Japan.

Graduates can move to a job-seeking visa and then to work sponsorship. Language level is the practical gate, more than the paperwork. Compass models Korean admissions, including the language requirement.

• Engineering
• Natural Sciences
• Computer Science
• Arts & Design
• Business & Economics

• Engineering
• Computer Science
• Arts & Design
• Business & Economics
• Natural Sciences